United Nations reform: Difference between revisions
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Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security. | Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of '''reforms''' to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security. | ||
* '''An [[Agenda for Peace | == Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1992-1996) == | ||
: | === Structural changes === | ||
* ''' | Boutros Boutros-Ghali made several structural changes to the Secretariat at the beginning of his term in 1992, as reflected in [https://undocs.org/A/46/882 A/46/882]. The newly-established entities, created through the reorganization of existing entities, were as follows: | ||
* Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peace-keeping Operations | |||
* Department of Economic and Social Development | |||
* Department of Humanitarian Affairs | |||
* Department of Administration and Management | |||
* Office of Legal Affairs | |||
Other entities established during his term included: | |||
* Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights: Established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/141 resolution 48/141] (1993) | |||
* Office of Internal Oversight Services: Established by the General Assembly in [https://undocs.org/A/RES/48/218B resolution 48/218B] (1994) | |||
=== Signature initiatives === | |||
* '''An [[Agenda for Peace]]''' (1992) | |||
: Intended to re-position the UN to more effectively address peace and security issues after the Cold War | |||
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/50/60 Supplement to An Agenda for Peace]''' (1995) | |||
== Kofi Annan (1997-2006) == | |||
=== Structural changes === | |||
In his first year in office, Kofi Annan proposed the reorganization of the Secretariat to establish several new entities, including: | |||
* Deputy Secretary-General (part of broader reorganization of the Executive Office of the Secretary-General) | |||
* Department for Disarmament and Arms Regulation (from the Centre for Disarmament Affairs in DPA) | |||
* Office of the Emergency Relief Coordinator (replaced Department of Humanitarian Affairs) | |||
* Department of Economic and Social Affairs (merger of existing departments) | |||
* Office of Drug Control and Crime Prevention (consolidation of existing functions) | |||
* Department of Management (replaced Department of Management and Administration) | |||
* [https://undocs.org/ST/SGB/1997/6 Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services] (replaced Department of Conference Services) | |||
=== Signature reform agendas === | |||
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/51/950 Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform]''' (1997) | |||
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/59/205 In larger freedom: towards development, security, and human rights for all]''' (2005) | |||
: Contained proposals for the 2005 World Summit | |||
* '''[https://undocs.org/A/60/692 Investing in the United Nations: for a stronger Organization worldwide]''' (2006) | |||
=== Other policy initiatives === | |||
* '''[[Brahimi report]]''' (2000) | |||
: Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change. | : Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change. | ||
* '''[[Zeid report]]''' (2005) | * '''[[Zeid report]]''' (2005) | ||
: Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] in UN peacekeeping operations | : Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future [[sexual exploitation and abuse]] in UN peacekeeping operations | ||
== Ban Ki-moon (2007-2016) == | |||
=== Signature reform agendas === | |||
* [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|'''Strengthening the capacity of the Organization to maintain and sustain peace operations''']] (2007) | * [[Strengthening the capacity of the Organization|'''Strengthening the capacity of the Organization to maintain and sustain peace operations''']] (2007) | ||
: Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the [[Department of Field Support]]. | : Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the [[Department of Field Support]]. | ||
* '''[[Global Field Support Strategy]]''' (2010) | * '''[[Global Field Support Strategy]]''' (2010) | ||
: Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]]. | : Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the [[Regional Service Center in Entebbe]]. | ||
* '''Peace and Security reform''' agenda (2015) | * '''Peace and Security reform''' agenda (2015) | ||
** [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations|'''Peace Operations Review''']]: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) | ** [[High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations|'''Peace Operations Review''']]: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) | ||
** '''[[Peacebuilding#Key reports and resolutions|Peacebuilding Architecture Review]]''': Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture. | ** '''[[Peacebuilding#Key reports and resolutions|Peacebuilding Architecture Review]]''': Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture. | ||
** [[1325 Review|'''Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325''']]: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of [http://undocs.org/s/res/1325(2000) resolution 1325]. | ** [[1325 Review|'''Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325''']]: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of [http://undocs.org/s/res/1325(2000) resolution 1325]. | ||
=== Other policy initiatives === | |||
* [[Peacebuilding#Civilian capacity review|'''Review of Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict''']] (2011) | |||
* '''[[Change Management Team]]''' (2011) | |||
* '''Human Rights Up Front''' (2013) | |||
== António Guterres (2017-present) == | |||
=== Structural changes === | |||
* Office of Counter-Terrorism (2017) | |||
=== Signature reform agendas === | |||
* '''United to Reform''' agenda (2017) | * '''United to Reform''' agenda (2017) | ||
** '''[[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]''': Established the [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[Department of Peace Operations]]. | ** '''[[Restructuring of the peace and security pillar]]''': Established the [[Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] and [[Department of Peace Operations]]. | ||
** '''[[Development system reform|Repositioning the UN Development System]]''': Transition of RC system into the Secretariat; review of UN Country Teams, multi-country offices and UNDAF; review of regional architecture. | ** '''[[Development system reform|Repositioning the UN Development System]]''': Transition of RC system into the Secretariat; review of UN Country Teams, multi-country offices and UNDAF; review of regional architecture. | ||
** '''[[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]]''': Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. | ** '''[[Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations]]''': Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the [[Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance]] and [[Department of Operational Support]]. | ||
* '''[[Our Common Agenda]]''' | |||
== References == | |||
[[Category:Reform]] | [[Category:Reform]] | ||
Revision as of 13:57, 3 January 2023
Over the years, the United Nations has undergone a number of reforms to allow the Organization to better respond to new challenges and demands. Below are some of the most significant reforms and reviews relevant to peace and security.
Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1992-1996)
Structural changes
Boutros Boutros-Ghali made several structural changes to the Secretariat at the beginning of his term in 1992, as reflected in A/46/882. The newly-established entities, created through the reorganization of existing entities, were as follows:
- Department of Political Affairs and Department of Peace-keeping Operations
- Department of Economic and Social Development
- Department of Humanitarian Affairs
- Department of Administration and Management
- Office of Legal Affairs
Other entities established during his term included:
- Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights: Established by the General Assembly in resolution 48/141 (1993)
- Office of Internal Oversight Services: Established by the General Assembly in resolution 48/218B (1994)
Signature initiatives
- An Agenda for Peace (1992)
- Intended to re-position the UN to more effectively address peace and security issues after the Cold War
Kofi Annan (1997-2006)
Structural changes
In his first year in office, Kofi Annan proposed the reorganization of the Secretariat to establish several new entities, including:
- Deputy Secretary-General (part of broader reorganization of the Executive Office of the Secretary-General)
- Department for Disarmament and Arms Regulation (from the Centre for Disarmament Affairs in DPA)
- Office of the Emergency Relief Coordinator (replaced Department of Humanitarian Affairs)
- Department of Economic and Social Affairs (merger of existing departments)
- Office of Drug Control and Crime Prevention (consolidation of existing functions)
- Department of Management (replaced Department of Management and Administration)
- Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services (replaced Department of Conference Services)
Signature reform agendas
- Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform (1997)
- In larger freedom: towards development, security, and human rights for all (2005)
- Contained proposals for the 2005 World Summit
Other policy initiatives
- Brahimi report (2000)
- Officially the report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations; assessed shortcomings of the peace operations system and made recommendations for change.
- Zeid report (2005)
- Officially the report on a comprehensive strategy to eliminate future sexual exploitation and abuse in UN peacekeeping operations
Ban Ki-moon (2007-2016)
Signature reform agendas
- Restructured the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and established the Department of Field Support.
- Introduced measures to improve the ability of the Department of Field Support to support missions, especially during mission start-up, including through the establishment of the Regional Service Center in Entebbe.
- Peace and Security reform agenda (2015)
- Peace Operations Review: Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO)
- Peacebuilding Architecture Review: Consideration of the recommendations of the Advisory Group of Experts on the Peacebuilding Architecture.
- Global Study on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325: Review of women, peace and security 15 years after the adoption of resolution 1325.
Other policy initiatives
- Review of Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict (2011)
- Change Management Team (2011)
- Human Rights Up Front (2013)
António Guterres (2017-present)
Structural changes
- Office of Counter-Terrorism (2017)
Signature reform agendas
- United to Reform agenda (2017)
- Restructuring of the peace and security pillar: Established the Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs and Department of Peace Operations.
- Repositioning the UN Development System: Transition of RC system into the Secretariat; review of UN Country Teams, multi-country offices and UNDAF; review of regional architecture.
- Shifting the management paradigm in the United Nations: Decentralized the Secretariat, re-introduced an annual programme budget and established the Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance and Department of Operational Support.
- Our Common Agenda