Peacekeeping operations: Difference between revisions

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The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping missions''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.<ref>Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions</ref>   
The Security Council can establish '''peacekeeping operations''' in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.<ref>Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions</ref>   


== Principles of peacekeeping ==
== List of peacekeeping operations ==
The 2008 [[Capstone doctrine]] articulated three principles of peacekeeping:
# [[Consent]] of the parties
# [[Impartiality]]
# Non-[[use of force]] except in self-defence and defence of the mandate
 
== List of peacekeeping missions ==


Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''.  
Current missions are denoted in '''bold'''.  
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| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
| 2 || '''United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan''' || '''UNMOGIP''' || 1949-01 || '''Ongoing''' || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
|-
| 3 || United Nations Emergency Force I || UNEF I || 1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel  
| 3 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] I || UNEF I || 1956-11 || 1967-06 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel  
|-
|-
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East ||  
| 4 || United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon || UNOGIL || 1958-06 || 1958-12 || Middle East ||  
|-
|-
| 5 || United Nations Operation in the Congo || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
| 5 || [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] || ONUC || 1960-07 || 1964-06 || Africa ||
|-
|-
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific ||  
| 6 || United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea || UNSF || 1962-10 || 1963-04 || Asia/Pacific ||  
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| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
| 9 ||United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission || UNIPOM || 1965-09 || 1966-03 || Asia/Pacific ||
|-
|-
| 10 || United Nations Emergency Force II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
| 10 || [[United Nations Emergency Force]] II || UNEF II || 1973-10 || 1979-07 || Middle East || Suez; Egypt-Israel
|-
|-
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
| 11 || '''United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus''' || '''UNFICYP''' || 1974-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Europe ||
|-
|-
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
| 12 || '''United Nations Disengagement Observer Force''' || '''UNDOF''' || 1974-05 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
|-
|-
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006<ref>[https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)]</ref>
| 13 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' || '''UNIFIL''' || 1978-03 || '''Ongoing''' || Middle East || Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006<ref>Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1701(2006) resolution 1701 (2006)]</ref>
|-
|-
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
| 14 || United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group || UNIIMOG || 1988-08 || 1991-02 || Middle East ||
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| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
| 58 || United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire || UNOCI || 2004-04 || 2017-06 || Africa || ONUCI (Fr)
|-
|-
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-05 || 2006-12 || Africa ||
| 59 || United Nations Operation in Burundi || ONUB || 2004-06 || 2006-12 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIB]]<ref>Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1545(2004) resolution 1545 (2004)]</ref>
|-
|-
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
| 60 || United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti || MINUSTAH || 2004-06 || 2017-10 || Americas || 2010 Haiti earthquake
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| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific ||  
| 62 || United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste || UNMIT || 2006-08 || 2012-12 || Asia/Pacific ||  
|-
|-
| 63 || '''African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur''' || '''UNAMID''' || 2007-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || First UN/AU hybrid operation
| 63 || African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur || UNAMID || 2007-07 || 2020-12 || Africa || [[Support to African peace support operations|AMIS]] incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007<ref>Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/1769(2007) resolution 1769 (2007)]</ref>
|-
|-
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
| 64 || United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad || MINURCAT || 2007-09 || 2010-12 || Africa ||
|-
|-
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change<ref>[https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)]</ref>
| 65 || '''United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo''' || '''MONUSCO''' || 2010-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || MONUC name change<ref>Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/1925(2010) resolution 1925 (2010)]</ref>
|-
|-
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
| 66 || '''United Nations Interim Force in Abyei''' || '''UNISFA''' || 2011-06 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Sudan-South Sudan
|-
|-
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis<ref>[https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)]</ref>
| 67 || '''United Nations Mission in South Sudan''' || '''UNMISS''' || 2011-07 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis<ref>Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2155(2014) resolution 2155 (2014)]</ref>
|-
|-
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East ||  
| 68 || United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria || UNSMIS || 2012-04 || 2012-08 || Middle East ||  
|-
|-
| 69 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali''' || '''MINUSMA''' || 2013-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa ||
| 69 || United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali || MINUSMA || 2013-04 || 2023-06 || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|AFISMA]] on 1 July 2013<ref>Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2100(2013) resolution 2100 (2013)]</ref><br />Mandate ended 30 June 2023<ref>Security Council [https://undocs.org/S/RES/2690(2023) resolution 2690 (2023)]</ref> following a request by Mali Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Diop for the mission to depart "without delay" during a Security Council meeting on 16 June 2023<ref>https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15325.doc.htm</ref>.
|-
|-
| 70 || '''United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti''' || '''MINUJUSTH''' || 2017-10 || '''Ongoing''' || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
| 70 || '''United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic''' || '''MINUSCA''' || 2014-04 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || Transfer of authority from [[Support to African peace support operations|MISCA]] on 15 Sep 2014<ref>Security Council [https://undocs.org/s/res/2149(2014) resolution 2149 (2014)]</ref>
|-
| 71 || United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti || MINUJUSTH || 2017-10 || 2019-10 || Americas || follow-up to MINUSTAH
|}
|}


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!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
!  !! Name !! Acronym !! Established !! Closed !! Region !! Notes
|-
|-
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12<ref>Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]</ref> || || Africa ||  
| 1 || Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || LSP || 2006-12<ref>Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]</ref> || 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
|-
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04<ref>Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]</ref>|| || Africa || UNAMID formally replaced AMIS in December 2007
| 2 || Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) || HSP || 2007-04<ref>Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of [https://undocs.org/s/2007/307/Rev.1 S/2007/307/Rev.1]</ref>|| 2007-12 || Africa || AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
|-
|-
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
| 3 || United Nations Support Office for the [[Support to African peace support operations|African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)]] || UNSOA || 2009-01 || 2015-11 || Africa || Originally referred to as "Activities arising from [https://undocs.org/s/res/1863(2009) Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)]"
|-
|-
| 4 || United Nations Support Office in Somalia || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
| 4 || '''United Nations Support Office in Somalia''' || UNSOS || 2015-11 || '''Ongoing''' || Africa || replaced UNSOA; also supports [[special political missions|UNSOM]]
|}
|}


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** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Multidimensional mission|Multidimensional missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]
** [[Integrated mission|Integrated missions]]
* [[Independent strategic reviews]]
* [[Principles of peacekeeping]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[:Category:Mandated tasks|Mandated tasks]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Peacekeeping financing]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [[Support to African peace support operations]]
* [[Special political missions]]
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions
* [http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/subsidiary_organs/peacekeeping_missions.shtml Repertoire of Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping missions]; has a useful summary of each mission and information on relevant Security Council decisions


== References ==
== References ==


[[Category: Organization]]
[[Category: Organization]] [[Category:Missions]]

Latest revision as of 11:19, 11 July 2023

The Security Council can establish peacekeeping operations in response to disputes or threats to peace. Such missions have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter.[1]

List of peacekeeping operations

Current missions are denoted in bold.

Mission Acronym Established Closed Region Notes
1 United Nations Truce Supervision Organization UNTSO 1948-05 Ongoing Middle East First peacekeeping mission
2 United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan UNMOGIP 1949-01 Ongoing Asia/Pacific
3 United Nations Emergency Force I UNEF I 1956-11 1967-06 Middle East Suez; Egypt-Israel
4 United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon UNOGIL 1958-06 1958-12 Middle East
5 United Nations Operation in the Congo ONUC 1960-07 1964-06 Africa
6 United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea UNSF 1962-10 1963-04 Asia/Pacific
7 United Nations Yemen Observation Mission UNYOM 1963-06 1964-09 Middle East
8 Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic DOMREP 1965-05 1966-10 Americas
9 United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission UNIPOM 1965-09 1966-03 Asia/Pacific
10 United Nations Emergency Force II UNEF II 1973-10 1979-07 Middle East Suez; Egypt-Israel
11 United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus UNFICYP 1974-03 Ongoing Europe
12 United Nations Disengagement Observer Force UNDOF 1974-05 Ongoing Middle East Golan Heights; Israel-Syria
13 United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon UNIFIL 1978-03 Ongoing Middle East Mandate and strength significantly expanded in 2006[2]
14 United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group UNIIMOG 1988-08 1991-02 Middle East
15 United Nations Transition Assistance Group UNTAG 1989-04 1990-03 Africa Namibia
16 United Nations Observer Group in Central America ONUCA 1989-11 1992-01 Americas
17 United Nations Angola Verification Mission I UNAVEM I 1989-12 1991-06 Africa
18 United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara MINURSO 1991-04 Ongoing Africa
19 United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission UNIKOM 1991-04 2003-10 Middle East
20 United Nations Angola Verification Mission II UNAVEM II 1991-05 1995-02 Africa
21 United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador ONUSAL 1991-05 1995-04 Americas
22 United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia UNAMIC 1991-10 1992-03 Asia/Pacific
23 United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia UNTAC 1992-02 1993-09 Asia/Pacific follow-on to UNAMIC
24 United Nations Protection Force UNPROFOR 1992-02 1995-03 Europe Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, TFYR Macedonia
25 United Nations Operation in Somalia I UNOSOM I 1992-04 1993-03 Africa
26 United Nations Operation in Mozambique ONUMOZ 1992-12 1994-12 Africa
27 United Nations Operation in Somalia II UNOSOM II 1993-03 1995-03 Africa
28 United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda UNOMUR 1993-06 1994-09 Africa
29 United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia UNOMIG 1993-08 2009-06 Europe Russia vetoed mandate renewal
30 United Nations Mission in Haiti UNMIH 1993-09 1996-06 Americas
31 United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia UNOMIL 1993-09 1997-09 Africa
32 United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda UNAMIR 1993-10 1996-03 Africa
33 United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group UNASOG 1994-05 1994-06 Africa Chad—Libya
34 United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan UNMOT 1994-12 2000-05 Asia/Pacific
35 United Nations Angola Verification Mission III UNAVEM III 1995-02 1997-06 Africa
36 United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia UNCRO 1995-03 1996-01 Europe
37 United Nations Preventive Deployment Force UNPREDEP 1995-03 1999-02 Europe TFYR Macedonia
38 United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina UNMIBH 1995-12 2002-12 Europe
39 United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium UNTAES 1996-01 1998-01 Europe
40 United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka UNMOP 1996-01 2002-12 Europe Croatia-Yugoslavia
41 United Nations Support Mission in Haiti UNSMIH 1996-06 1997-07 Americas
42 United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala MINUGUA 1997-01 1997-05 Americas
43 United Nations Observer Mission in Angola MONUA 1997-06 1999-02 Africa
44 United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti UNTMIH 1997-07 1997-11 Americas follow-up to UNSMIH
45 United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti MIPONUH 1997-11 2000-03 Americas
46 United Nations Civilian Police Support Group UNCPSG 1998-01 1998-10 Europe follow-up to UNTAES
47 United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic MINURCA 1998-03 2000-02 Africa
48 United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan UNGOMAP 1998-05 1990-03 Asia/Pacific
49 United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone UNOMSIL 1998-07 1999-10 Africa
50 United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo UNMIK 1999-06 Ongoing Europe Executive mandate until 2008[3]
51 United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone UNAMSIL 1999-10 2005-12 Africa
52 United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor UNTAET 1999-10 2002-05 Asia/Pacific
53 United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo MONUC 1999-11 2010-06 Africa
54 United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea UNMEE 2000-07 2008-07 Africa
55 United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor UNMISET 2002-05 2005-05 Asia/Pacific
56 United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire MINUCI 2003-05 2014-04 Africa
57 United Nations Mission in Liberia UNMIL 2003-09 2018-03 Africa
58 United Nations Operations in Côte d'Ivoire UNOCI 2004-04 2017-06 Africa ONUCI (Fr)
59 United Nations Operation in Burundi ONUB 2004-06 2006-12 Africa Transfer of authority from AMIB[4]
60 United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti MINUSTAH 2004-06 2017-10 Americas 2010 Haiti earthquake
61 United Nations Mission in the Sudan UNMIS 2005-03 2011-07 Africa
62 United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste UNMIT 2006-08 2012-12 Asia/Pacific
63 African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur UNAMID 2007-07 2020-12 Africa AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007[5]
64 United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad MINURCAT 2007-09 2010-12 Africa
65 United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo MONUSCO 2010-07 Ongoing Africa MONUC name change[6]
66 United Nations Interim Force in Abyei UNISFA 2011-06 Ongoing Africa Sudan-South Sudan
67 United Nations Mission in South Sudan UNMISS 2011-07 Ongoing Africa Mandate changed in response to Dec 2013 crisis[7]
68 United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria UNSMIS 2012-04 2012-08 Middle East
69 United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali MINUSMA 2013-04 2023-06 Africa Transfer of authority from AFISMA on 1 July 2013[8]
Mandate ended 30 June 2023[9] following a request by Mali Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Diop for the mission to depart "without delay" during a Security Council meeting on 16 June 2023[10].
70 United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic MINUSCA 2014-04 Ongoing Africa Transfer of authority from MISCA on 15 Sep 2014[11]
71 United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti MINUJUSTH 2017-10 2019-10 Americas follow-up to MINUSTAH

Other activities financed as peacekeeping

Name Acronym Established Closed Region Notes
1 Light Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) LSP 2006-12[12] 2007-12 Africa AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
2 Heavy Support Package for the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) HSP 2007-04[13] 2007-12 Africa AMIS incorporated into UNAMID on 31 Dec 2007
3 United Nations Support Office for the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) UNSOA 2009-01 2015-11 Africa Originally referred to as "Activities arising from Security Council resolution 1863 (2009)"
4 United Nations Support Office in Somalia UNSOS 2015-11 Ongoing Africa replaced UNSOA; also supports UNSOM

See also

References

  1. ↑ Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Peacekeeping Missions
  2. ↑ Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)
  3. ↑ Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (S/2008/692)
  4. ↑ Security Council resolution 1545 (2004)
  5. ↑ Security Council resolution 1769 (2007)
  6. ↑ Security Council resolution 1925 (2010)
  7. ↑ Security Council resolution 2155 (2014)
  8. ↑ Security Council resolution 2100 (2013)
  9. ↑ Security Council resolution 2690 (2023)
  10. ↑ https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15325.doc.htm
  11. ↑ Security Council resolution 2149 (2014)
  12. ↑ Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 41 of S/2007/307/Rev.1
  13. ↑ Date of approval by Sudan, as per para 45 of S/2007/307/Rev.1
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