United Nations staff

Staff members are a category of United Nations personnel whose employment and contractual relationship are defined by a letter of appointment subject to regulations promulgated by the General Assembly pursuant to Article 101 of the United Nations Charter.

The conditions of service and the basic rights, duties and obligations of staff are spelled out in the Staff Regulations and Rules.

Demographics
Information on the demographics of Secretariat staff members is presented in the annual report to the General Assembly on the composition of the Secretariat.

Types of staff
Broadly speaking, staff members are either internationally-recruited or locally-recruited, with different types determined by whether the nature of the function is analytical and conceptual (professional) or procedural, operational and technical (service):


 * Professional and higher categories:
 * Internationally recruited staff, carrying out analytical and conceptual work, normally outside of their country of origin, sometimes with an obligation to move geographically in accordance with the mobility policies of their organization (in use since the inception of the United Nations in 1945)
 * Grades P-1 to P-6, D-1 and D-2, ASG, and USG
 * Field Service:
 * Internationally-recruited staff, carrying out functions ranging from analytical and conceptual to procedural, operational and technical, usually under dangerous conditions, and subject to rapid redeployment (initial salary scale promulgated in 1950)
 * Grades FS-1 to FS-7
 * General Service:
 * Locally-recruited staff, carrying out assignments ranging from the routine or repetitive to the complex and paraprofessional, with no expectation to be mobile (the guiding principle for the determination of conditions of service of this category was promulgated in 1949)
 * GS(OL): Grades GS-1 to GS-6; GS(PL): Grade GS-7
 * National Professional Officers:
 * Locally-recruited nationals of the country of service, carrying out analytical and conceptual work within a national context, with no expectation to be geographically mobile (this category has been in use since 1961)
 * Grades NO-A to NO-D
 * Other locally-recruited categories:
 * A limited number of functions, normally included in the General Service category, may be categorized separately in some duty stations. These additional categories, established between 1955 and 1968, include:
 * Safety and Security (New York-only)
 * Trades and Crafts (New York-only)
 * Language Teachers (New York and Geneva)
 * Public Information Assistants (New York-only).

Internationally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of salary scales established by the International Civil Service Commission. The salaries and conditions of service for internationally-recruited staff are based on those of the highest-paid national civil service (i.e. the Noblemaire principle). International professional staff include those at the professional (P), director (D), Assistant Secretary-General and Under-Secretary-General levels. Field service staff perform administrative, technical and logistical functions in peace operations.

Locally-recruited staff are paid on the basis of best prevailing local conditions (i.e. the Flemming principle) and consist of national professional staff and staff of the general service and related categories.

Grade equivalencies
Formal and informal equivalencies exist between certain grades and types of staff, as reflected in the following table:

GS staff and FS staff at the FS-5 level and below can only convert to the professional categories through the G-to-P examination process. FS-6 and FS-7 staff may apply directly to international professional vacancies for which they are qualified.

For grade equivalencies between international professional staff and the U.S. federal civil service, see Noblemaire principle.

Appointment types
General Assembly resolution 63/250 authorized the use of three types of appointments in the United Nations under a single set of Staff Rules, effective 1 July 2009.

The policy on staff selection is contained in administrative instruction ST/AI/2010/3.

Temporary appointments
A temporary appointment is granted for a period of less than one year to meet seasonal or peak workloads and specific short-term requirements, which are generally advertised using temporary job openings (TJOs). Temporary appointments may be renewed for up to one year when warranted by surge requirements and operational needs related to field operations and special projects with finite mandates. A temporary appointment shall not be converted to any other type of appointment. A competitive selection process and the publication of a temporary job opening is only required for temporary appointments longer than three months in duration.

Staff members on temporary appointments are eligible for fewer benefits and allowances than staff on fixed-term or continuing appointments and accrue leave at a slower rate.

Staff members on temporary appointments filling a regular budget or extrabudgetary post cannot apply for or be appointed to their current post within six months of the end of their current service. A mandatory break in service, normally of 31 days, is required before a former staff member can be re-employed on a temporary appointment.

The policy on administration of temporary appointments is contained in administrative instruction ST/AI/2010/4/Rev.1.

Fixed-term appointments
A fixed-term appointment may be granted for a period of one year or more, up to five years at a time, and may be renewed for any period up to five years at a time. A fixed-term appointment does not carry any expectancy of renewal or conversion, except for staff appointed upon successful completion of a competitive examination.

Staff members on fixed-term appointments are appointed to a post but may serve temporarily against another post, including ones at a higher grade (see special post allowance).

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instrction ST/AI/2013/1 and Corr.1.

Continuing appointments
A continuing appointment is an open-ended appointment. The procedure and criteria for conversion of fixed-term appointments to continuing appointments are set out in General Assembly resolution 65/247.

The policy on administration of fixed-term appointments is contained in administrative instruction ST/AI/2012/3.

Former appointment types
Appointment of limited duration
 * An appointment under the former 300-series staff rules intended for peacekeeping, peacemaking, humanitarian, technical cooperation and emergency operations. An appointment of limited duration (ALD) was normally for an initial period of up to six months, extended for up to four years, after a break in service of at least six months was required before eligibility for a new ALD.

Permanent appointment
 * An appointment under the former 100-series staff rules to staff members who completed a period of probationary service (or had the probationary service waived) or completed five years of continuous service under fixed-term appointments. Following the adoption of resolution 63/250, staff members with permanent appointments as of 1 July 2009 remained on such appointments, and a one-time review of staff members eligible for conversion to permanent appointments before 1 July 2009 was conducted.

Interns and consultants
The General Assembly, in its resolution 51/226, decided that interns, consultants and personnel provided on a non-reimbursable basis may not be appointed to posts in the Secretariat for a period of six months after the end of their service. In practice, this only applies to posts in the Professional category or those at the FS-6 or FS-7 levels.

A cool-down period does not apply to junior professional officers or associate experts.

United Nations Volunteers
A United Nations Volunteer is eligible for appointment to a position in a mission other than the mission in which they are serving after 12 months of service. Otherwise, they are not eligible for appointment to a position in a mission for a period of six months after the end of their service.